Radio-over-fiber (ROF) system for protocol-independent wired and/or wireless communication

ABSTRACT

A switched wireless system is used to increase the range of peer-to-peer communications. The optically-switched fiber optic communication system includes a head-end unit (HEU) having a switch bank. Cables couple the HEU to one or more remote access points in different coverage areas. The switch bank in the HEU provides a link between the remote access points in the different coverage areas such that devices in the different cellular coverage areas communicate with each other, such as through videoconferencing. By using the switched communication system, the range and coverage of communication between devices may be extended such that devices in different coverage areas and devices using different communication protocols can communicate.

PRIORITY

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/595,099, filed on Aug. 27, 2012, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 12/618,613, filed on Nov. 13, 2009, now U.S. Pat.No. 8,280,259, the content of which is relied upon and incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety, and the benefit of priority under35 U.S.C. §120 is hereby claimed.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Disclosure

The technology of the disclosure relates to wired and/or wirelesscommunication systems employing a wireless communication system.

2. Technical Background

Wireless communication is rapidly growing, with ever-increasing demandsfor high-speed mobile data communication. As an example, so-called“wireless fidelity” or “WiFi” systems and wireless local area networks(WLANs) are being deployed in many different types of areas (e.g.,coffee shops, airports, libraries, etc.). Wireless communication systemscommunicate with wireless devices called “clients,” which must residewithin the wireless range or “cell coverage area” in order tocommunicate with an access point device.

One approach to deploying a wireless communication system involves theuse of “picocells.” Picocells are radio-frequency (RF) coverage areas.Picocells can have a radius in the range from a few meters up to twentymeters as an example. Combining a number of access point devices createsan array of picocells that cover an area called a “picocellular coveragearea.” Because the picocell covers a small area, there are typicallyonly a few users (clients) per picocell. This allows for simultaneoushigh coverage quality and high data rates for the wireless system users,while minimizing the amount of RF bandwidth shared among the wirelesssystem users. One advantage of picocells is the ability to wirelesslycommunicate with remotely located communication devices within thepicocellular coverage area.

One type of wireless communication system for creating picocells iscalled a “Radio-over-Fiber (RoF)” wireless system. A RoF wireless systemutilizes RF signals sent over optical fibers. Such systems include ahead-end station optically coupled to a plurality of remote units. Theremote units each include transponders that are coupled to the head-endstation via an optical fiber link. The transponders in the remote unitsare transparent to the RF signals. The remote units simply convertincoming optical signals from the optical fiber link to electricalsignals via optical-to-electrical (O/E) converters, which are thenpassed to the transponders. The transponders convert the electricalsignals to electromagnetic signals via antennas coupled to thetransponders in the remote units. The antennas also receiveelectromagnetic signals (i.e., electromagnetic radiation) from clientsin the cell coverage area and convert the electromagnetic signals toelectrical signals (i.e., electrical signals in wire). The remote unitsthen convert the electrical signals to optical signals viaelectrical-to-optical (E/O) converters. The optical signals are thensent to the head-end station via the optical fiber link.

Wired and wireless peer-to-peer analog and digital communications aregenerally limited in range and coverage, respectively. Enhancing therange of wired peer-to-peer connections may require complicatedamplifying and/or repeating requirements. Extending the coverage ofwireless peer-to-peer connections typically requires a denser antennadeployment and/or transmitted power increase, which may be limited bygovernment regulations, wireless standards, and battery peak power andenergy storage considerations. In addition, extending the coverage maybe prohibited by the use of proprietary protocols, such as medicalequipment.

SUMMARY OF THE DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description includeoptically-switched fiber optic wired and/or wireless communicationsystems and related methods to increase the range of wired and/orwireless peer-to-peer communication systems. The systems can be used toenable, for example, videoconferencing between peer devices. In oneembodiment, the optically-switched fiber optic wired and/or wirelesscommunication system may include a head-end unit (HEU) having an opticalswitch bank. A plurality of fiber optic cables, each of the plurality offiber optic cables comprising at least one optical fiber, are configuredto carry a Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) signal from the HEU to a plurality ofremote access points. A first one of the plurality of remote accesspoints is configured to form a corresponding first cellular coveragearea where a first peer device is located. A second one of the pluralityof remote access points is configured to form a corresponding second,different cellular coverage area where a second peer device is located.The optical switch bank is configured to dynamically establish aRoF-based optical link over at least one of the plurality of fiber opticcables such that the first peer device communicates with the second peerdevice at least in part over the RoF-based optical link.

Another embodiment disclosed herein provides a method of enablingcommunication between a first peer device in a first cellular coveragearea and a second peer device in a second, different cellular coveragearea. The method may include optically linking a plurality of remoteaccess points to a HEU via a plurality of fiber optic cables, each ofthe plurality of fiber optic cables comprising at least one opticalfiber and configured to carry a RoF signal from the HEU to the pluralityof remote access points. A first one of the plurality of remote accesspoints is configured to form the first cellular coverage area. A secondone of the plurality of remote access points is configured to form thesecond, different cellular coverage area. A request is received toestablish communications between the first peer device and the secondpeer device, and in response to the request, dynamic establishment of alink is performed over at least one of the plurality of fiber opticcables to allow the first peer device to communicate with the secondpeer device at least in part over the link.

The systems and methods disclosed herein can be configured to overcomethe limitations of traditional wired and/or wireless (“wired/wireless”)peer-to-peer communications by combining the low loss, high bandwidthnature of optical fiber with an appropriate optical switching network toenhance coverage (where needed). In one embodiment, the switched fiberoptic wired/wireless communication system is a link system. In anotherembodiment, the link system is nearly protocol transparent (i.e.,independent of protocol).

The switched wired/wireless communication systems and methods disclosedherein may include dense fiber cable deployment (as in picocell), whichfacilitates cell-to-cell peer-to-peer communication. By taking advantageof the fiber cable architecture of the switched fiber opticwired/wireless communication system, such as a Wireless Local AreaNetwork (WLAN) picocell system, the peer-to-peer communication range isextended to be cell-to-cell. In this regard, devices in any two cellscan communicate in the peer-to-peer mode independent of their physicaldistance, such that the peer-to-peer range extends across entire indoorinstallation areas.

In addition, the switched fiber optic wired/wireless communicationsystems and methods disclosed herein can use optical cable links thatare nearly transparent to wireless protocols, thereby eliminatingproprietary protocol compliance requirements. Thus, a broad variety ofcurrent applications/equipment are supported without any infrastructureupgrade, including switched video connection, switched video withInternet connection, peer-to-peer proprietary protocol equipment (e.g.medical), peer-to-peer videoconferencing, and broadcast capability(cellular and video). In addition, future applications/equipment will bepossible without any infrastructure upgrade.

The switched wired/wireless communication system and method disclosedherein take advantage of a local wireless network, such as a WLAN, toinitiate peer-to-peer switching, because the switching only needs a verylow data rate connection. Multiple input options may be supported, suchas a radio frequency (RF) cable/antenna input, an optical fiber input,and an electrical power input. Multiple output options can be used,including an RF cable/antenna output, an optical fiber output withoptical/electrical conversion, an optical fiber output with the E/Oconversion bypassed, and an electrical power output. The switchedwired/wireless communication system disclosed herein can be upgraded tohigher frequencies, such as 60 Gigahertz (GHz).

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detaileddescription which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to thoseskilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing theembodiments as described herein, including the detailed description thatfollows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description present embodiments, and are intendedto provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature andcharacter of the disclosure. The accompanying drawings are included toprovide a further understanding, and are incorporated into andconstitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate variousembodiments, and together with the description serve to explain theprinciples and operation of the concepts disclosed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary generalized embodiment ofan optical fiber-based wireless picocellular system;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary Radio-over-Fiber (RoF)distributed communication system;

FIG. 3 is a more detailed schematic diagram of an exemplary embodimentof the system of FIG. 1, showing the head-end unit (HEU) and one remoteunit and picocell of the exemplary system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of using an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired and/or wireless (“wired/wireless”)communication system to allow proprietary protocol data transfer betweenpeer-to-peer devices according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of using an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system toallow videoconferencing between peer-to-peer devices according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of using an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system toallow communication between peer-to-peer devices through co-existentaccess points according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an opticalswitching bank at a HEU of an optically-switched fiber opticwired/wireless communication system;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of usingoptical amplification and splitting at a HEU of an optically-switchedfiber optic wired/wireless communication system for broadcasting videoto peer-to-peer devices;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system thatillustrates an exemplary connection between a HEU and broadbandtransponders in two different locations;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a broadbandtransponder that may be used in an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a HEU of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system; and

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of aRadio-over-Fiber based wireless communication system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples ofwhich are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which some, butnot all embodiments are shown. Indeed, the concepts may be embodied inmany different forms and should not be construed as limiting herein;rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure willsatisfy applicable legal requirements. Whenever possible, like referencenumbers will be used to refer to like components or parts.

Embodiments disclosed in the detailed description includeoptically-switched fiber optic wired and/or wireless communicationsystems and related methods to increase the range of wired and/orwireless peer-to-peer communication systems. In one embodiment, theoptically-switched fiber optic wired and/or wireless communicationsystem may include a head-end unit (HEU) having an optical switch bank.A plurality of fiber optic cables, each of the plurality of fiber opticcables comprising at least one optical fiber, are configured to carry aRadio-over-Fiber (RoF) signal from the HEU to a plurality of remoteaccess points. A first one of the plurality of remote access points isconfigured to form a corresponding first cellular coverage area where afirst peer device is located. A second one of the plurality of remoteaccess points is configured to form a corresponding second, differentcellular coverage area where a second peer device is located. Theoptical switch bank is configured to dynamically establish a RoF-basedoptical link over at least one of the plurality of fiber optic cablessuch that the first peer device communicates with the second peer deviceat least in part over the RoF-based optical link. These systems andmethods can overcome the limitations of traditional wired/wirelesspeer-to-peer communications by combining the low loss, high bandwidthnature of optical fiber with an appropriate optical switching network toenhance coverage (where needed). In one embodiment, theoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system is aRoF-based link system. In another embodiment, the RoF-based link systemis nearly protocol transparent (i.e., independent of protocol).

Before discussing specifics regarding exemplary embodiments ofoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication systemsdisclosed herein starting with FIG. 4, FIGS. 1-3 are first set forth anddiscussed to describe a generalized embodiment of an optical-fiber-basedwireless picocellular system. In this regard, FIG. 1 is a schematicdiagram of a generalized embodiment of an optical-fiber-based wirelesspicocellular system 10 (also referred to herein as “system 10”). Thesystem 10 includes a head-end unit (HEU) 20, one or more transponder orremote antenna units 30, or simply referred to herein as “remote units30”, and an optical fiber radio frequency (RF) communication link 36that optically couples the HEU 20 to the remote unit 30. As discussed indetail below, the system 10 has a picocell 40 substantially centeredabout the remote unit 30. The remote units 30 form a picocellularcoverage area 44. The HEU 20 is adapted to perform or to facilitate anyone of a number of RF-over-fiber applications, such as radio frequencyidentification (RFID), wireless local area network (WLAN) communication,Bluetooth®, or cellular phone service. Shown within the picocell 40 is adevice 45. The device 45 may be a hand-held communication device (e.g.,a cellular telephone or personal digital assistant (PDA)), a personalcomputer, a video monitor, or any other device that is capable ofcommunicating with a peer device. The device 45 may have an antenna 46associated with it.

Although the embodiments described herein include any type ofoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system,including any type of RoF system, an exemplary RoF distributedcommunication system 11 is provided in FIG. 2 to facilitate discussionof the environment in which the peer-to-peer communication between twodevices in different cells is enabled. FIG. 2 includes a partiallyschematic cut-away diagram of a building infrastructure 12 thatgenerally represents any type of building in which the RoF distributedcommunication system 11 might be employed and used. The buildinginfrastructure 12 includes a first (ground) floor 14, a second floor 16,and a third floor 18. The floors 14, 16, 18 are serviced by the HEU 20,through a main distribution frame 22, to provide a coverage area 24 inthe building infrastructure 12. Only the ceilings of the floors 14, 16,18 are shown in FIG. 2 for simplicity of illustration.

In an example embodiment, the HEU 20 is located within the buildinginfrastructure 12, while in another example embodiment, the HEU 20 maybe located outside of the building infrastructure 12 at a remotelocation. A base transceiver station (BTS) 25, which may be provided bya second party such as a cellular service provider, is connected to theHEU 20, and can be co-located or located remotely from the HEU 20. In atypical cellular system, for example, a plurality of base transceiverstations are deployed at a plurality of remote locations to providewireless telephone coverage. Each BTS serves a corresponding cell andwhen a mobile station enters the cell, the BTS communicates with themobile station. Each BTS can include at least one radio transceiver forenabling communication with one or more subscriber units operatingwithin the associated cell.

A main cable 26 enables multiple fiber optic cables 32 to be distributedthroughout the building infrastructure 12 to remote units 30 to providethe coverage area 24 for the first, second and third floors 14, 16, and18. Each remote unit 30 in turn services its own coverage area in thecoverage area 24. The main cable 26 can include a riser cable 28 thatcarries all of the uplink and downlink fiber optic cables 32 to and fromthe HEU 20. The main cable 26 can also include one or more multi-cable(MC) connectors adapted to connect select downlink and uplink opticalfiber cables to a number of fiber optic cables 32. In this embodiment,an interconnect unit (ICU) 34 is provided for each floor 14, 16, 18, theICUs 34 including a passive fiber interconnection of optical fiber cableports. The fiber optic cables 32 can include matching connectors. In anexample embodiment, the riser cable 28 includes a total of thirty-six(36) downlink and thirty-six (36) uplink optical fibers, while each ofthe six (6) fiber optic cables 32 carries six (6) downlink and six (6)uplink optical fibers to service six (6) remote units 30. Each fiberoptic cable 32 is in turn connected to a plurality of remote units 30each having an antenna that provides the overall coverage area 24.

In this example embodiment, the HEUs 20 provide electricalradio-frequency (RF) service signals by passing (or conditioning andthen passing) such signals from one or more outside networks 21 to thecoverage area 24. The HEUs 20 are electrically coupled to anelectrical-to-optical (E/O) converter 38 within the HEU 20 that receiveselectrical RF service signals from the one or more outside networks 21and converts them to corresponding optical signals. The optical signalsare transported over the riser cables 28 to the ICUs 34. The ICUs 34include passive fiber interconnection of optical fiber cable ports thatpass the optical signals over the fiber optic cables 32 to the remoteunits 30 to provide the coverage area 24. In an example embodiment, theE/O converter 38 includes a laser suitable for delivering sufficientdynamic range for the RoF applications, and optionally includes a laserdriver/amplifier electrically coupled to the laser. Examples of suitablelasers for the E/O converter 38 include laser diodes, distributedfeedback (DFB) lasers, Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers, and vertical cavitysurface emitting lasers (VCSELs).

The HEUs 20 are adapted to perform or to facilitate any one of a numberof RoF applications, including but not limited to radio-frequencyidentification devices (RFIDs), wireless local area network (WLAN)communications, Bluetooth®, and/or cellular phone services. In aparticular example embodiment, this includes providing WLAN signaldistribution as specified in the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, i.e., in the frequency range from 2.4to 2.5 GigaHertz (GHz) and from 5.0 to 6.0 GHz. In another exampleembodiment, the HEUs 20 provide electrical RF service signals bygenerating the signals directly. In yet another example embodiment, theHEUs 20 coordinate the delivery of the electrical RF service signalsbetween client devices within the coverage area 24.

The number of optical fibers and fiber optic cables 32 can be varied toaccommodate different applications, including the addition of second,third, or more HEUs 20. In this example, the RoF distributedcommunication system 11 incorporates multiple HEUs 20 to provide varioustypes of wireless service to the coverage area 24. The HEUs 20 can beconfigured in a master/slave arrangement where one HEU 20 is the masterand the other HEU 20 is a slave. Also, one or more than two HEUs 20 maybe provided depending on desired configurations and the number ofcoverage area 24 cells desired.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the opticalfiber-based wireless picocellular system 10 of FIG. 1. In this exemplaryembodiment, the HEU 20 includes a service unit 50 that provideselectrical RF service signals for a particular wireless service orapplication. The service unit 50 provides electrical RF service signalsby passing (or conditioning and then passing) such signals from one ormore outside networks 223, as described below. In a particularembodiment, this may include providing ultra wide band-impulse response(UWB-IR) signal distribution in the range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. Othersignal distribution is also possible, including WLAN signal distributionas specified in the IEEE 802.11 standard, i.e., in the frequency rangefrom 2.4 to 2.5 GHz and from 5.0 to 6.0 GHz. In another embodiment, theservice unit 50 may provide electrical RF service signals by generatingthe signals directly.

The service unit 50 is electrically coupled to an E/O converter 60 thatreceives an electrical RF service signal from the service unit 50 andconverts it to corresponding optical signal, as discussed in furtherdetail below. In an exemplary embodiment, the E/O converter 60 includesa laser suitable for delivering sufficient dynamic range for theRF-over-fiber applications, and optionally includes a laserdriver/amplifier electrically coupled to the laser. Examples of suitablelasers for the E/O converter 60 include laser diodes, distributedfeedback (DFB) lasers, Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers, and vertical cavitysurface emitting lasers (VCSELs).

The HEU 20 also includes an O/E converter 62 electrically coupled to theservice unit 50. The O/E converter 62 receives an optical RF servicesignal and converts it to a corresponding electrical signal. In oneembodiment, the O/E converter 62 is a photodetector, or a photodetectorelectrically coupled to a linear amplifier. The E/O converter 60 and theO/E converter 62 constitute a “converter pair” 66.

In an exemplary embodiment, the service unit 50 includes an RF signalmodulator/demodulator unit 70 that generates an RF carrier of a givenfrequency and then modulates RF signals onto the carrier. Themodulator/demodulator unit 70 also demodulates received RF signals. Theservice unit 50 also includes a digital signal processing unit (“digitalsignal processor”) 72, a central processing unit (CPU) 74 for processingdata and otherwise performing logic and computing operations, and amemory unit 76 for storing data, such as system settings, statusinformation, RFID tag information, etc. In an exemplary embodiment, thedifferent frequencies associated with the different signal channels arecreated by the modulator/demodulator unit 70 generating different RFcarrier frequencies based on instructions from the CPU 74. Also, asdescribed below, the common frequencies associated with a particularcombined picocell are created by the modulator/demodulator unit 70generating the same RF carrier frequency.

With continuing reference to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, a remote unit 30includes a converter pair 66, wherein the E/O converter 60 and the O/Econverter 62 therein are electrically coupled to an antenna system 100via an RF signal-directing element 106, such as a circulator. The RFsignal-directing element 106 serves to direct the downlink and uplinkelectrical RF service signals, as discussed below. In an exemplaryembodiment, the antenna system 100 includes a broadband (3.1 to 10.6GHz) antenna integrated into a fiber optic array cable.

The remote units 30 may be a typical access point device, or part of atypical access point device. In one embodiment, the remote units 30 maybe typical WLAN access points. In another embodiment, the remote units30 may be typical broadband access points, or ultra-wide broadband (UWB)access points. In yet another embodiment, the remote units 30 may beco-existent (both WLAN and broadband-UWB) access points. The remoteunits 30 may be any device capable of forming a picocell or othercellular coverage area substantially centered about the remote unit 30in which devices within the picocell or other cellular coverage area cancommunicate with the remote unit 30. In a further embodiment, the remoteunits 30 differ from the typical access point device associated withwireless communication systems in that the preferred embodiment of theremote unit 30 has just a few signal-conditioning elements and nodigital information processing capability. Rather, the informationprocessing capability is located remotely in the HEU 20, and in aparticular example, in the service unit 50. This allows the remote unit30 to be very compact and virtually maintenance free. In addition, thepreferred exemplary embodiment of the remote unit 30 consumes verylittle power, is transparent to RF signals, and does not require a localpower source.

With reference again to FIG. 3, an exemplary embodiment of the opticalfiber RF communication link 136 includes a downlink optical fiber 136Dhaving a downlink optical fiber input end 138 and a downlink opticalfiber output end 140, and an uplink optical fiber 136U having an uplinkoptical fiber input end 142 and an uplink optical fiber output end 144.The downlink and uplink optical fibers 136D and 136U optically couplethe converter pair 66 at the HEU 20 to the converter pair 66 at theremote unit 30. Specifically, the downlink optical fiber input end 138is optically coupled to the E/O converter 60 of the HEU 20, while thedownlink optical fiber output end 140 is optically coupled to the O/Econverter 62 at the remote unit 30. Similarly, the uplink optical fiberinput end 142 is optically coupled to the E/O converter 60 of the remoteunit 30, while the uplink optical fiber output end 144 is opticallycoupled to the O/E converter 62 at the HEU 20.

In one embodiment, the system 10 employs a known telecommunicationswavelength, such as 850 nanometers (nm), 1300 nm, or 1550 nm. In anotherexemplary embodiment, the system 10 employs other less common butsuitable wavelengths such as 980 nm.

Exemplary embodiments of the system 10 include either single-modeoptical fiber or multi-mode optical fiber for the downlink and uplinkoptical fibers 136D and 136U. The particular type of optical fiberdepends on the application of the system 10. For many in-buildingdeployment applications, maximum transmission distances typically do notexceed 300 meters. The maximum length for the intended RF-over-fibertransmission needs to be taken into account when considering usingmulti-mode optical fibers for the downlink and uplink optical fibers136D and 136U. For example, it has been shown that a 1400 MHz/kmmulti-mode fiber bandwidth-distance product is sufficient for 5.2 GHztransmission up to 300 m.

In one embodiment, a 50 micrometers (μm) multi-mode optical fiber isused for the downlink and uplink optical fibers 136D and 136U, and theE/O converters 60 operate at 850 nm using commercially available VCSELsspecified for 10 Gigabits per second (Gb/s) data transmission. In a morespecific exemplary embodiment, OM3 50 μm multi-mode optical fiber isused for the downlink and uplink optical fibers 136D and 136U.

The system 10 also includes a power supply 160 that generates anelectrical power signal 162. The power supply 160 is electricallycoupled to the HEU 20 for powering the power-consuming elements therein.In one embodiment, an electrical power line 168 runs through the HEU 20and over to the remote unit 30 to power the E/O converter 60 and the O/Econverter 62 in the converter pair 66, the optional RF signal-directingelement 106 (unless the optional RF signal-directing element 106 is apassive device such as a circulator), and any other power-consumingelements (not shown). In an exemplary embodiment, the electrical powerline 168 includes two wires 170 and 172 that carry a single voltage andthat are electrically coupled to a DC power converter 180 at the remoteunit 30. The DC power converter 180 is electrically coupled to the E/Oconverter 60 and the O/E converter 62 in the remote unit 30, and changesthe voltage or levels of the electrical power signal 162 to the powerlevel(s) required by the power-consuming components in the remote unit30. In one embodiment, the DC power converter 180 is either a DC/DCpower converter or an AC/DC power converter, depending on the type ofelectrical power signal 162 carried by the electrical power line 168. Inan exemplary embodiment, the electrical power line 168 includes standardelectrical-power-carrying electrical wire(s), e.g., 18-26 AWG (AmericanWire Gauge) used in standard telecommunications and other applications.In another exemplary embodiment, the electrical power line 168 (shown asa dashed line in FIG. 3) runs directly from the power supply 160 to theremote unit 30 rather than from or through the HEU 20. In anotherexemplary embodiment, the electrical power line 168 includes more thantwo wires and carries multiple voltages.

In another embodiment, the HEU 20 is operably coupled to the outsidenetworks 223 via a network link 224.

With reference to the optical-fiber-based wireless picocellular system10 of FIGS. 1 and 3, the service unit 50 generates an electricaldownlink RF service signal SD (“electrical signal SD”) corresponding toits particular application. In one embodiment, this is accomplished bythe digital signal processor 72 providing the modulator/demodulator unit70 with an electrical signal (not shown) that is modulated onto an RFcarrier to generate a desired electrical signal SD. The electricalsignal SD is received by the E/O converter 60, which converts thiselectrical signal SD into a corresponding optical downlink RF signal SD′(“optical signal SD′”), which is then coupled into the downlink opticalfiber 136D at the input end 138. It is noted here that in oneembodiment, the optical signal SD′ is tailored to have a givenmodulation index. Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the modulationpower of the E/O converter 60 is controlled (e.g., by one or moregain-control amplifiers, not shown) to vary the transmission power fromthe antenna system 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the amount of powerprovided to the antenna system 100 is varied to define the size of theassociated picocell 40, which in exemplary embodiments range anywherefrom about a meter across to about twenty meters across.

The optical signal SD′ travels over the downlink optical fiber 136D tothe output end 140, where it is received by the O/E converter 62 in theremote unit 30. The O/E converter 62 converts the optical signal SD′back into an electrical signal SD, which then travels to the RFsignal-directing element 106. The RF signal-directing element 106 thendirects the electrical signal SD to the antenna system 100. Theelectrical signal SD is fed to the antenna system 100, causing it toradiate a corresponding electromagnetic downlink RF signal SD″(“electromagnetic signal SD”).

When the device 45 is located within the picocell 40, theelectromagnetic signal SD″ is received by the antenna 46. The antenna 46converts the electromagnetic signal SD″ into an electrical signal SD inthe device 45, and processes the electrical signal SD. The device 45 cangenerate electrical uplink RF signals SU, which are converted intoelectromagnetic uplink RF signals SU″ (“electromagnetic signal SU″”) bythe antenna 46.

When the device 45 is located within the picocell 40, theelectromagnetic signal SU″ is detected by the antenna system 100 in theremote unit 30, which converts the electromagnetic signal SU″ back intoan electrical signal SU. The electrical signal SU is directed by the RFsignal-directing element 106 to the E/O converter 60 in the remote unit30, which converts this electrical signal into a corresponding opticaluplink RF signal SU′ (“optical signal SU′”), which is then coupled intothe input end 142 of the uplink optical fiber 136U. The optical signalSU′ travels over the uplink optical fiber 136U to the output end 144,where it is received by the O/E converter 62 at the HEU 20. The O/Econverter 62 converts the optical signal SU′ back into an electricalsignal SU, which is then directed to the service unit 50. The serviceunit 50 receives and processes the electrical signal SU, which in oneembodiment includes one or more of the following: storing the signalinformation; digitally processing or conditioning the signals; sendingthe signals on to one or more outside networks 223 via network links224; and sending the signals to one or more devices 45 in thepicocellular coverage area 44. In an exemplary embodiment, theprocessing of the electrical signal SU includes demodulating theelectrical signal SU in the modulator/demodulator unit 70, and thenprocessing the demodulated signal in the digital signal processor 72.

FIGS. 4-6 illustrate three embodiments of protocol-independent RoFwireless presence. All of these embodiments have a WLAN-requestingswitching network to initiate a protocol-independent peer-to-peerconnection.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of using an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system toallow proprietary protocol data transfer between peer-to-peer devicesaccording to an exemplary embodiment. In FIG. 4, a peer device 202 islocated in a different cellular coverage area (“cell”) than a peerdevice 204. The peer device 202 is capable of communicating with anaccess point 208 through a wireless connection (indicated by the dashedline) when the peer device 202 is within a first cell defined by theaccess point 208. The peer device 204 is capable of communicating withan access point 210 through a wireless connection (indicated by thedashed line) when the peer device 204 is within a second cell defined bythe access point 210. The access points 208 and 210 may be broadbandaccess points, or broadband transponders. In one embodiment, the accesspoints 208 and 210 may be similar to the remote units 30 described abovewith respect to FIG. 3, where the remote units 30 include a converterpair 66, wherein the E/O converter 60 and the O/E converter 62 thereinare electrically coupled to an antenna system 100 via an RFsignal-directing element 106, such as a circulator.

The access points 208 and 210 are optically coupled to a HEU 20 byoptical fibers in a fiber optic cable (as represented by the solid linesbetween the access points 208 and 210 and the HEU 20). In oneembodiment, the optical fibers may connect the access points 208 and 210to the HEU 20 in a manner similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 2 and/or3. FIG. 4 illustrates using a device 200 (e.g., PDA or cellulartelephone) that is different than the peer device 202 to request thepeer-to-peer switching. The device 200 sends a peer-to-peer request to aWLAN access point 206 (as indicated by the dashed line). The WLAN accesspoint 206 is also optically coupled to the HEU 20 by optical fibers in afiber optic cable (as represented by the solid lines between the WLANaccess point 206 and the HEU 20) such that the peer-to-peer request issent from the WLAN access point 206 to the HEU 20.

When the HEU 20 receives the peer-to-peer request, an optical switchbank 212 dynamically selects the appropriate optical fibers to connectthe access points 208 and 210 so that the peer devices 202 and 204associated with the access points 208 and 210 can communicate with eachother. Once the optical switch bank 212 dynamically selects theappropriate optical fibers to connect the access points 208 and 210, thepeer device 202 can communicate wirelessly with the access point 208using whatever protocol the peer device 202 and the access point 208 arecapable of using, and the peer device 204 can communicate wirelesslywith the access point 210 using whatever protocol the peer device 204and the access point 210 are capable of using. In this manner,peer-to-peer communication between the peer devices 202 and 204 indifferent cells using different wireless protocols is enabled throughthe optical switch bank 212 establishing a dynamic optical link betweenthe access points 208 and 210 of the two different cells.

This scenario could be used in medical applications such as a hospitalor other medical facility, where a doctor using a PDA might request thathigh resolution images (X-ray, MRI, etc.) stored on remote proprietarydevices be displayed on a bedside proprietary-protocol-based monitor.For example, the peer device 202 could have be a computer in a hospitalrecords area that has X-ray data stored on it. Through the use of thesystem shown in FIG. 4, the data from the peer device 202 could betransmitted to the peer device 204, which might be a computer terminalor other monitor or display in a patient's room that is on a differentfloor from the records room where the peer device 202 is located.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of using an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system toallow videoconferencing between peer-to-peer devices according to anexemplary embodiment. In FIG. 5, a peer device 302 is located in adifferent cell than a peer device 304. The peer device 302 is capable ofcommunicating with an access point 308 through a wireless connection(indicated by the dashed line) when the peer device 302 is within afirst cell defined by the access point 308. The peer device 304 iscapable of communicating with an access point 310 through a wirelessconnection (indicated by the dashed line) when the peer device 304 iswithin a second cell defined by the access point 310. The access points308 and 310 may be broadband access points, or broadband transponders.In one embodiment, the access points 308 and 310 may be similar to theremote units 30 described above with respect to FIG. 3, where the remoteunits 30 include a converter pair 66, wherein the E/O converter 60 andthe O/E converter 62 therein are electrically coupled to an antennasystem 100 via an RF signal-directing element 106, such as a circulator.

The access points 308 and 310 are optically coupled to a HEU 20 byoptical fibers in a fiber optic cable (as represented by the solid linesbetween the access points 308 and 310 and the HEU 20). In oneembodiment, the optical fibers may connect the access points 308 and 310to the HEU 20 in a manner similar to that illustrated in FIGS. 2 and/or3. The exemplary system shown in FIG. 5 works in a similar manner asthat shown in FIG. 4. The scenario illustrated in FIG. 5 differs fromthat of FIG. 4 in that one of the peer devices 302 or 304 initiates theconnection, instead of requiring a different device (e.g., PDA). This isapplicable in situations where the peer devices 302 and 304 both haveWLAN access and a broadband wireless (possibly proprietary-protocol)network and desire to participate in a videoconference. Thus, in oneembodiment, the peer devices 302 and 304 may be computing devices, suchas laptop computers, the access points 308 and 310 may be broadbandaccess points, and the access points 306 and 314 may be WLAN accesspoints. For example, the embodiment of FIG. 5 could utilize an existinglow data rate WLAN that is insufficient for a video application (e.g.,802.11b) by allowing a laptop computer to place the request for apeer-to-peer connection on the low data rate network, and have the videoinformation transferred via a peer-to-peer broadband higher data ratenetwork based on wireless/UWB USB. Thus, in FIG. 5, one of the peerdevices 302 or 304 initiates a request for peer-to-peer communication.The peer device 302 sends a communication request to the WLAN accesspoint 306 or the peer device 304 sends a communication request to theWLAN access point 314 (as indicated by the thin dashed lines). The WLANaccess points 306 and 314 are optically coupled to the HEU 20 by opticalfibers in a fiber optic cable (as represented by the solid lines betweenWLAN access point 306 and the HEU 20 and between the WLAN access point314 and the HEU 20) such that the peer-to-peer request is sent fromeither the WLAN access point 306 or the WLAN access point 314 to the HEU20.

When the HEU 20 receives the peer-to-peer request, an optical switchbank 312 dynamically selects the appropriate optical fibers to connectthe access points 308 and 310 so that the peer devices 302 and 304associated with the access points 308 and 310 can communicate with eachother. Once the optical switch bank 312 dynamically selects theappropriate optical fibers to connect the access points 308 and 310, thepeer device 302 can communicate wirelessly with the access point 308using whatever protocol the peer device 302 and the access point 308 arecapable of using, and the peer device 304 can communicate wirelesslywith the access point 310 using whatever protocol the peer device 304and the access point 310 are capable of using. In this manner,peer-to-peer communication between the peer devices 302 and 304 indifferent cells using different wireless protocols is enabled throughthe switch bank 312 establishing a dynamic optical link between theaccess points 308 and 310 of the two different cells.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of using an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system toallow communication between peer-to-peer devices through co-existentaccess points according to an exemplary embodiment. In FIG. 6, a peerdevice 402 is located in a different cell than a peer device 404. Thepeer device 402 is capable of communicating with an access point 408through a wireless connection (indicated by the thin dashed line on theleft) when the peer device 402 is within a first cell defined by theaccess point 408. The peer device 404 is capable of communicating withan access point 410 through a wireless connection (indicated by the thindashed line on the right) when the peer device 404 is within a secondcell defined by the access point 410. The access points 408 and 410 maybe coexistent access points. In one-embodiment, the access points 408and 410 may have both WLAN and broadband (e.g. broadband-UWB)capabilities. The access points 408 and 410 are optically coupled to aHEU 20 by optical fibers in a fiber optic cable (as represented by thesolid lines between the access points 408 and 410 and the HEU 20). Inthe embodiment where access point 408 is a coexistent access point, afilter 409 may be used to separate broadband signals, such as 2.4Megahertz signals, from WLAN signals, such as 802.11 signals, that maybe received over the fiber optic cable from the coexistent access point408. In the embodiment where access point 410 is a coexistent accesspoint, a filter 411 may be used to separate broadband signals, such as2.4 Megahertz signals, from WLAN signals, such as 802.11 signals, thatmay be received over the fiber optic cable from the coexistent accesspoint 410. In one embodiment, the HEU 20 automatically determines thatcommunication between the peer devices 402 and 404 are possible based onthe frequency of the signals received from the peer devices 402 and 404.In one embodiment, the HEU 20 may sense the radio frequency band contentof the signals received from the peer devices 402 and 404, with one peerdevice being located in each cell. The HEU 20 may then automaticallydetermine a switch configuration by using the optical switch bank 412 toconnect the cells that have common radio frequency bands via a RoF-basedoptical link. This automatic connection eliminates the need for apeer-to-peer request from one of the peer devices 402 or 404, or from athird device. In one embodiment, the optical fibers may connect theaccess points 408 and 410 to the HEU 20 in a manner similar to thatillustrated in FIGS. 2 and/or 3. The exemplary system shown in FIG. 6works in a similar manner as that shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. The scenarioillustrated in FIG. 6 differs from that of FIG. 5 in that only onenetwork with coexistent capabilities is used in place of two separatenetworks, and that the broadband signals may be filtered from the WLANsignals. For example, the videoconferencing application examplementioned with respect to FIG. 5 would also be suitable in FIG. 6.

When the HEU 20 receives the peer-to-peer request from either peerdevice 402 or 404 through the access point 408 or 410, a switch bank 412dynamically selects the appropriate optical fibers to connect the accesspoints 408 and 410 so that the peer devices 402 and 404 associated withthe access points 408 and 410 can communicate with each other. Once theswitch bank 412 dynamically selects the appropriate optical fibers toconnect the access points 408 and 410, the peer device 402 cancommunicate wirelessly with the access point 408 independent ofprotocol. In this manner, peer-to-peer communication between the peerdevices 402 and 404 in different cells using different wirelessprotocols is enabled through the switch bank 412 establishing a dynamicoptical link between the access points 408 and 410 of the two differentcells.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an opticalswitching bank at a HEU of an optically-switched fiber opticwired/wireless communication system. In FIG. 7, fiber optic cables 702-1through 702-n and 704-1 through 704-n optically couple the HEU 20 to theaccess point(s) of N peer devices. For example, the fiber optic cable702-1 optically couples the HEU 20 to the access point of Peer 1 andfiber optic cable 704-n optically couples the HEU 20 to the access pointof Peer N. In one embodiment, each fiber optic cable 702-1 through 702-nand 704-1 through 704-n has a transmit optical fiber and a receiveoptical fiber. For example, the fiber optic cable 702-1 has an opticaltransmit fiber 702 t and an optical receive fiber 702 r, and the fiberoptic cable 704-n has an optical transmit fiber 704 t and an opticalreceive fiber 704 r. Thus, FIG. 7 illustrates how when a request forPeer 1 to communicate with Peer N is received at the HEU 20, an opticalswitch bank 712 will dynamically link the two cells where Peer 1 andPeer N are located by coupling the optical transmit fiber 702 t and theoptical receive fiber 702 r associated with Peer 1 to the opticalreceive fiber 704 r and the optical transmit fiber 704 t associated withPeer N. In one embodiment, the HEU 20 may include optical amplifiers706. In one embodiment, the optical amplifiers 706 may be added when itis desired to be able to enable communication between peer devices thatare more than 300 meters apart.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of usingoptical amplification and splitting at a HEU of an optically-switchedfiber optic wired/wireless communication system for broadcasting videoto peer-to-peer devices. In FIG. 8, an incoming fiber optic cable 802couples a device that provides a video source (not shown) to the HEU 20.The fiber optic cable 802 may include an optical transmit fiber 802 tand an optical receive fiber 802 r in one embodiment. The HEU 20 of FIG.8 includes a video broadcasting unit 806 that splits the video coming inover the optical transmit fiber 802 t to multiple outgoing fiber opticcables 804-1 to 804-n, each of which may be optically coupled to a peerdevice. Each fiber optic cable 804-1 through 804-n has a transmit and areceive optical fiber. For example, the fiber optic cable 804-1 has anoptical transmit fiber 804-1 t and an optical receive fiber 804-1 r, andthe fiber optic cable 804-n has an optical transmit fiber 804-nt and anoptical receive fiber 804 nr. Thus, FIG. 8 illustrates how a HEU 20 thatis optically coupled to a video source may broadcast video (e.g.,high-definition (HD) TV (HDTV), videoconferencing, etc.) over opticalfibers to multiple peer devices in different locations. In oneembodiment, the video broadcasting unit 806 may also provideamplification of the video signal. Note that in certain embodiments ofthe video broadcasting embodiment of FIG. 8, not all of the opticaltransmit and receive fibers need be used. For example, the opticaltransmit fiber 802 t of the fiber optic cable 802, as well as theoptical transmit fibers 804-lt through 804-nt, are not necessarily usedwhen a video signal is broadcast using the embodiment of FIG. 8.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system thatillustrates an exemplary connection between a HEU and broadbandtransponders in two different locations. In FIG. 9, the HEU 20 isoptically coupled to broadband transponders 906 and 914, which may be indifferent cellular coverage areas. Each of the broadband transponders906 and 914 is optically coupled to the HEU 20 via a fiber optic cable900, which has an electrical power line 902 and one or more opticalfibers 904. The broadband transponder 906 has an RF input/output 908,which in one embodiment is an RF antenna, a DC input/output 910, and anoptical input/output 912. The broadband transponder 914 has an RFinput/output 916, which in one embodiment is an RF antenna, a DCinput/output 918, and an optical input/output 920.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a broadbandtransponder that may be used in an exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system. FIG.10 shows one embodiment of the broadband transponder 914 from FIG. 9with more internal details. The broadband transponder 906 in FIG. 9 maybe similar to the broadband transponder 914. The fiber optic cable 900having the electrical power line 902 and optical fibers 904 opticallycouples the broadband transponder 914 to the HEU 20 (as shown in FIG.9). The broadband transponder 914 may have an RF input/output 916In and916Out, which in one embodiment is an RF antenna, a DC input/output 918,and an optical input/output 920In and 920Out. In one embodiment, thebroadband transponder 914 may also include a laser diode 922, a photodetector 924, and a transimpedance amplifier 926. In one embodiment,optical switches 905 and 907 enable selections between the RFinput/output 916In and 916Out and the optical input/output 920In and920Out.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a HEU of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system. FIG.11 illustrates the details of an exemplary HEU that can enablecommunication between peer devices in N cellular coverage areas. The HEU20 shown in FIG. 11 could be used in the exemplary embodiment of anoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system shownin FIG. 5. The HEU 20 of FIG. 11 includes a peer-to-peer requestprocessor 1100 and optical switch bank 1102. The peer-to-peer requestprocessor 1100 handles the requests for communication that are receivedfrom the peer devices. Together, the peer-to-peer request processor 1100and the optical switch bank 1102 are able to provide the high bandwidthpeer-to-peer connection between peer devices in different cellularcoverage areas independent of protocol. The HEU 20 can receive ortransmit signals to external networks over optical fiber 1104. Atransmit optical fiber 1110 and a receive optical fiber 1112 opticallycouple the HEU 20 to a WLAN access point or transponder for a first peerdevice in a first cellular coverage area. An E/O converter unit 1106 andan O/E converter unit 1108 provide any necessary E/O or O/E conversion.A receive optical fiber 1114 and a transmit optical fiber 1116 opticallycouple the HEU 20 to the broadband access point or transponder for thefirst peer device. A receive optical fiber 1118 and a transmit opticalfiber 1120 optically couple the HEU 20 to a broadband access point ortransponder for a second peer device in a second cellular coverage area.A receive optical fiber 1126 and a transmit optical fiber 1128 opticallycouple the HEU 20 to a WLAN access point or transponder for the secondpeer device. An O/E converter unit 1122 and an E/O converter unit 1124provide any necessary E/O or O/E conversion. It is to be understood thatthere may be additional sets of optical fibers if there are more thantwo peer devices.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a RoF-basedwireless presence communication system. FIG. 12 shows one embodiment ofhow the RoF-based wireless presence communication system might beimplemented. Each of a plurality of peer devices 1202, 1204, 1206, 1208,1210, 1212, and 1214 is in a different cellular coverage area. They maybe in different rooms in a building, or even on different floors in abuilding. In one embodiment, each of a plurality of peer devices 1202,1204, 1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 is located such that it may becapable of communicating wirelessly via both a broadband transponder anda wireless transponder, such as a WLAN, WiMax, or cellular transponder.For example, the peer device 1202 is located such that it may be locatedin a cellular coverage area defined by a broadband transponder 1202B anda wireless transponder 1202W such that peer device 1202 may be capableof communicating wirelessly via both the broadband transponder 1202B andthe wireless transponder 1202W. Each of the other peer devices 1204,1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 is also associated with a broadbandtransponder and a WLAN transponder such that each of the other 1204,1206, 1208, 1210, 1212, and 1214 may be capable of communicatingwirelessly via both a broadband transponder and a wireless transponder.The solid lines indicate a typical RoF wireless deployment and thedotted lines indicate the peer-to-peer fiber connection through thenearly protocol-transparent RoF technology by using theoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication systemdisclosed herein. The typical RoF wireless deployment connects thevarious rooms or cells to external networks over optical fiber 1200,whereas the optically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communicationsystem disclosed herein, as shown by the dotted lines, allowsroom-to-room, or cell-to-cell, communication between devices indifferent cellular coverage areas, or between devices in the samecellular coverage area that use different communication protocols.

Thus, by using an optically-switched RoF wired/wireless communicationsystem, the communication range of peer-to-peer communication systemsmay be increased. By using an optical switch bank in a HEU to set up adynamic link between the transponders in two different cells, thedevices in the two different cells can communicate with each other overthe optical fibers through the HEU. This system overcomes thelimitations of traditional wired/wireless peer-to-peer communications bycombining the low loss, high bandwidth nature of optical fiber with anappropriate optical switching network to enhance coverage (whereneeded). By taking advantage of the fiber cable architecture of theoptically-switched fiber optic wired/wireless communication system, suchas a RoF WLAN picocell system, the peer-to-peer communication range isextended to be cell-to-cell. This means that devices in any two cellscan communicate in the peer-to-peer mode independent of their physicaldistance, such that the peer-to-peer range extends across entire indoorinstallation areas. In addition, the optically-switched fiber opticwired/wireless communication system disclosed herein uses optical cablelinks that are nearly transparent to wireless protocols, therebyeliminating proprietary protocol compliance requirements.

Further, as used herein, it is intended that the terms “fiber opticcables” and/or “optical fibers” include all types of single mode andmulti-mode light waveguides, including one or more optical fibers thatmay be upcoated, colored, buffered, ribbonized and/or have otherorganizing or protective structure in a cable such as one or more tubes,strength members, jackets or the like. Likewise, other types of suitableoptical fibers include bend-insensitive optical fibers, or any otherexpedient of a medium for transmitting light signals. An example of abend-insensitive optical fiber is ClearCurve® Multimode fibercommercially available from Corning Incorporated.

Many modifications and other embodiments set forth herein will come tomind to one skilled in the art to which the embodiments pertain havingthe benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions andthe associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that thedescription and claims are not to be limited to the specific embodimentsdisclosed and that modifications and other embodiments are intended tobe included within the scope of the appended claims. It is intended thatthe embodiments cover any modifications and variations of theembodiments provided they come within the scope of the appended claimsand their equivalents. Although specific terms are employed herein, theyare used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of videoconferencing between a firstpeer device in a first coverage area and a second peer device in asecond different coverage area, comprising: linking a plurality ofbroadband access points to a head-end unit (HEU) via a plurality ofcables, each of the plurality cables having at least one optical fiberand being configured to carry a signal from the HEU to the plurality ofbroadband access points; forming a first coverage area associated with afirst one of the plurality of broadband access points; forming a secondcoverage area associated with a second one of the plurality of broadbandaccess points different from the first coverage area; using an opticalswitch bank to dynamically establish a link over at least one of theplurality of cables to allow the first peer device to videoconferencewith the second peer device at least in part over the link; receiving arequest to establish videoconferencing between the first peer device andthe second peer device from one of the first and second peer devices,wherein the first one of the plurality of broadband access pointscommunicates with the first peer device and the second one of theplurality of broadband access points communicates with the second peerdevice.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the request to establishvideoconferencing is received by a first remote access point located inthe first coverage area and in wireless communication with the firstpeer device.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising receivingcommunications from the second peer device communicated wirelessly to asecond remote access point located in the second coverage area.
 4. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the first and second remote access points areWireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access points.
 5. The method of claim4, wherein the first and second WLAN remote access points each includean electrical-to-optical converter pair and an antenna system.
 6. Themethod of claim 4, wherein the first and second WLAN remote accesspoints are located on different floors of a building infrastructure. 7.The method of claim 4, wherein the first and second broadband accesspoints are located on different floors of a building infrastructure. 8.The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the remote access pointscomprises at least one of a radio frequency (RF) input/output, a DCinput/output, and an optical input/output.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein the first and second broadband access points are located ondifferent floors of a building infrastructure.
 10. A wirelesscommunication system configured to provide videoconferencing,comprising: a head-end unit (HEU) having an optical switch bank; and aplurality of fiber optic cables each comprising at least one opticalfiber and configured to carry a Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) signal from theHEU to a plurality of remote access points, wherein a first one of theplurality of remote access points is configured to form a correspondingfirst coverage area, and a second one of the plurality of remote accesspoints is configured to form a corresponding second, different coveragearea, wherein the optical switch bank is configured to establish aRoF-based optical link over at least one of the plurality of fiber opticcables such that a first peer device in the first coverage area canvideoconference with a second peer device in the second coverage areaover the RoF-based optical link, and wherein the HEU is furtherconfigured to receive a request from a first one of the first and secondpeer devices to videoconference with a second one of the first andsecond peer devices via at least one WLAN access point associated withat least one of the first and second peer devices.
 11. The wirelesscommunication system of claim 10, wherein the first one of the pluralityof remote access points is configured to wirelessly communicate with thefirst peer device and the second one of the plurality of remote accesspoints is configured to wirelessly communicate with the second peerdevice.
 12. The wireless communication system of claim 11, wherein thefirst and second ones of the plurality of remote access points arebroadband access points.
 13. The wireless communication system of claim11, wherein the HEU is optically coupled to the at least one WLAN accesspoint via a fiber optic cable comprising at least one optical fiber. 14.The wireless communication system of claim 11, wherein the first andsecond remote access points each include an electrical-to-opticalconverter pair and an antenna system.
 15. An optical fiber-basedwireless communication system configured to provide videoconferencing,comprising: a head-end unit (HEU) having an optical switch bank; aplurality of fiber optic cables configured to carry a signals from theHEU to a plurality of broadband access points, wherein a first one ofthe plurality of broadband access points is configured to form acorresponding first coverage area, and a second one of the plurality ofbroadband access points is configured to form a corresponding second,different coverage area; and at least one Wireless Local Area Network(WLAN) access point, wherein the optical switch bank is configured toestablish an RoF-based optical link over at least one of the pluralityof fiber optic cables such that a first peer device in the firstcoverage area can communicate with a second peer device in the secondcoverage area at least in part over the RoF-based optical link, and theat least one WLAN access point is configured to receive a request fromeither of the first and second peer devices to establishvideoconferencing between the first and second peer devices.
 16. Thewireless communication system of claim 15, wherein the first and secondbroadband access points each include an electrical-to-optical converterpair and an antenna system.
 17. The wireless communication system ofclaim 16, wherein the first and second broadband access points arelocated on different floors of a building infrastructure.
 18. Thewireless communication system of claim 17, wherein the first one of theplurality of broadband access points is configured to wirelesslycommunicate with the first peer device using a different wirelesscommunication protocol than a protocol used by the second one of theplurality of broadband access points to wirelessly communicate with thesecond peer device.
 19. The wireless communication system of claim 17,wherein the optical switch bank further comprises at least one opticalamplifier.
 20. The wireless communication system of claim 17, whereinthe HEU further comprises a video broadcast unit configured to split avideo signal received at the HEU to a plurality of devices over aplurality of fiber optic cables.